Based on the extent of technology use, heavy user organizations were found to significantly differ in terms of i nformation managem ent 0. While there is no all inclusive listing of the factors which influence span of control, there are certain major factors which have general applicability. Naturally, frequency of contact amongst them and their managers is reduced to a considerable extent. Structures includes factors affecting the physical behavior, service life, economy, appearance, and safety of bridges and structures for transportation systems, and accounting for these factors and their interactions in design procedures and criteria. Factors affecting span of control or span of management, article posted by gaurav akrani on kalyan city life blog. Each manager or superior may have different ability and capacity in respect of such factors as leadership, communication, decisionmaking, control affecting management of subordinates. In todays business world, most of the organizations are facing a dynamic and changing business environment. Depending upon the complexity of organisational activities and relationships amongst superiors and subordinates, it becomes important the superiors manage an optimum number of subordinates that. Initial factors for changing the organizational structure can come from the organization itself, and the management can influence them, as opposed to factors coming from the environment, outside, in which the impact is. As such, the important determinant for specifying the span of management is the managers ability to reduce the frequency and time impact of superior subordinate relationships. Inadequate levels of energy, protein or calcium can cause a.
Factors affecting smallscale business performance and development joined economic, psychological, social and other factors which influence the characteristics and development of entrepreneurship, as well as entrepreneurial behaviour. Some of the circumstances affecting the span are as follows. Factors affecting span of control or span of management. Change management is a necessity in the present times, and the organizations are engaged in a constant endeavor for changing as per the evolving circumstances or to combat the competitive pressures.
What is span of management discuss factors affecting the. Factors affecting teachers use of ict as a classroom tool, the computer has captured the attention of the education community. This module provides an insight into the span of control through its concept, types, factors affecting, advantages, limitations and v. Organizations size and span of control practical management. If the subordinates are able and efficient and they are willing to coordinate with their higher officers, managers can control a large number of subordinates. Span of control is the term used in business management, particularly human resource management. If managers are competent in their jobs, they can have a wide span of management. It refers to the number of subordinates that can be handled effectively by a superior in an. To lead an organization efficiently, every organization must know where it is situated. Even if the government does not embark on any new project, it will take an.
For the purpose of this paper span of control and span of management are considered to have the same meaning. Span of control is the term commonly used in business management and public administration. Management functions planning vision mission objectives. Managers can monitor these factorsenvironments through boundary spanning a process of gathering information about developments that could impact the future of the organization. It in particular examined the effect of organizational culture on effective change management. Factors affecting egg production in backyard chicken flocks 2 improper nutrition laying chickens require a completely balanced diet to sustain maximum egg production over time. The following factors help in determining the suitable span of management.
Business and human factors affecting organizational changes organizational development represents a response to changing technical, economic, political, social. The following factors to be considered when determining span of management. Also learn, what are the participation and organizational change. The determination of span depends upon the number of relationships, which can be managed by a superior. Factors affecting construction labor productivity for.
Factors influencing strategic decisionmaking processes. Principles and practice of management factors affecting span of control. Clarity of delegation of authority the most serious symptom of poor organization affecting the span of management is inadequate or unclear authority delegation. Usually, the important determinant is the managers ability to reduce the frequency and time impact of superiorsubordinate relationships, though this ability itself is determined by several other factors.
Introduction productivity is one of the most important factors affecting the overall performance of any organization, large or small kazaz and ulubeyli, 2007. Factors affecting organizational change, external, and internal. Factors influencing the span of supervision your article library. What are the factors determining span of management. There are many factors which affect price in international markets. For being ahead in the competitive race and achieving success, organizations must have an effective change management in place and need to innovate by monitoring the environmental changes and the. Factors affecting span of management the basic idea behind limiting the span is to enable a manager to manage his subordinates effectively. On the contrary, when an organization gets more investment, it tends to reduce the span and inflate its management. What factors should determine how many direct reports a manager. If the superiors and subordinates are wellqualified, trained, experienced, and if they are experts in their jobs then the span of control will be wide and viceversa. In turn, environmental conditions affect life expectancy. A case study of kenya trade network agency kentrade by gathondu anne nyaguthii a project submitted to the chandaria school of business in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of master of business administration mba united states international university africa spring 2015.
Factors affecting contractors performance in construction project delivery in akure, ondo state, nigeria 3 vol. The key factors of successful change management the business world is constantly changing, and the rate of change is becoming faster and faster with every passing year. Here the capacity means the ability of a superior to comprehend the problems quickly and gel up with the staff such that he gets respect from all. This paper builds on previous theoretical and empirical studies to determine the extent to which contextual factors impact the strategic decisionmaking processes. Influences the complexities of the individual managers job. When subordinates get from staff men much of their guidance oil methods, schedules. Also mention the bases of departmentation and give examples. Essay on the factors affecting span of control in management. A very important factor affecting the span of management is the ability, efficiency, and willingness of subordinates. Factors affecting contractors performance in construction.
This versatile instrument can store, manipulate, and retrieve information, and it has the capability not only of engaging students in instructional activities to increase their learning, but of helping them to solve. Therefore its necessary to find a balance among the factors affecting the span of management. Evolution of productionoperations management the scope of operations management recent trends in productionoperations management systems design and systems operation a production system model production system diversity types of production systems differentiating features of production systems factors affecting. Factors, which determine the optimum span, may be stated as. Span of control means the number of subordinates that can be managed efficiently and effectively by a superior in an organization.
Thus, the companys management and marketers invest a lot of time to establish pricing policies for international markets and customers. Vii, issue 4 august 2017 projects that would require an estimated sum of n7. Doc saadia factors affecting records keeping in ngo. Social factors affecting health hp 2020 goals create social and physical environments that. Success factors of a project management team success of a project management team is primarily influenced not only by the timely selection of a project manager in the initial phase of the project. The span of control would be generally narrow at the higher levels of management because top managers have to spend their major time on planning, organizing. Span of control plays an important role in organizations and has implications for organizational structure, how decisions are made, the interactions between supervisors and subordinates and is an important.
Important factors influencing the determination of proper span of controlsupervision management are. Training of subordinates the well trained subordinates require their managers to spend a little time for them. The span of management refers to the number of subordinates who can be managed efficiently by a superior. The study was guided by kotters theory of change management. The span of management can be determined on the basis of a number of relationships that a manager can manage. Pdf factors affecting project management in the public.
There are numerous factors that affect an organization or the management. Productivity in construction sites is important because it influences time and cost objectives moselhi and khan, 2010. Also known as span of control, is a very important concept of organizing function of management. Life expectancy and the environment we present an olg model in which life expectancy and environmental quality dynamics are jointly determined. Simply, the manager having the group of subordinates who report him directly is called as the span of management.
Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a supervisor has. Factors affecting egg production in backyard chicken flocks. Proper span of control is determined on the basis of circumstances. When an organization is facing financial hardship or is downsizing, it needs to increase the span of control. The span of management refers to the number of subordinates who report directly to a manager. Also, the change in the policies affects the span of management. Factors determining span of management the span of management can be determined on the span of management can be determined on the basis of a number of relationships that a manager can manage. Factors affecting organizational change mba knowledge base. If the policies change frequently, then the manager needs to devote more time and hence the. Furthermore, according to cavusgil 1996, management should take. Factors determining as effective span management tuts.
Agents may invest in environmental care, depending on how much they expect to live. When the work is of routine and standardised nature, greater span of control can be kept. If a company wants to have continued longterm success, it needs to be able to adapt and transform itself alongside the market. These deficiencies may be in the form of unmanageable span of management, large number of managerial levels, lack in coordination between various departments, obstacles in communication, multiplicity of committees, lack of uniformity in policy decisions, lack of cooperation between the line and. Management principles factors affecting tutorialspoint. Change is inevitable in the life of an organization. Affecting change ability to motivate people empower nonthreatening facilitative. An executive who personally takes many decisions is able to supervise fewer people than an executive who provides encouragement and coaching to his subordinate to accept delegated authority. Inadequate nutrition can cause hens to stop laying. During the 20th century the united states has essentially created the safest, most efficient.
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